400G Transceivers

400G transceivers (QSFP-DD and OSFP) are the current standard for hyperscale and large enterprise data center backbones, defined under IEEE 802.3bs. They use PAM4 encoding to quadruple 100G throughput per port and are deployed in leaf-spine core layers, service provider backbones, and high-density interconnects. Network architects choose 400G when scaling core bandwidth without proportionally increasing the number of physical ports.